Barry, S., Stofer, K. A., Loizzo, J., and DiGennaro, P.: High school students' perceptions of science and scientists improve following university-based online DNA day, J. Biol. Educ., 57, , 1170–1185, https://doi.org/10.1080/00219266.2021.2012228, 2022.
Barth, N. C., Stock, G. M., and Atit, K.: From a virtual field trip to geologically reasoned decisions in Yosemite Valley, Geosci. Commun., 5, 17–28, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-17-2022, 2022.
Beattie, P. N., Loizzo, J., Kent, K., Krebs, C. L., Suits, T., and Bunch, J. C.: Leveraging Skype in the Classroom for Science Communication: A Streaming Science – Scientist Online Approach, Journal of Applied Communications, 104, 9, https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2328, 2020.
Bond, C. E., Pugsley, J. H., Kedar, L., Ledingham, S. R., Skupinska, M. Z., Gluzinski, T. K., and Boath, M. L.: Learning outcomes, learning support, and cohort cohesion on a virtual field trip: an analysis of student and staff perceptions, Geosci. Commun., 5, 307–323, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-307-2022, 2022.
Brown, S. V. and Clewell, B. C.: Project talent flow: The non-SEM field choices of Black and Latino undergraduates with the aptitude for science, engineering and mathematics careers, Report Presented to the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, 1998.
Burns, T. W., O'Connor, D. J., and Stocklmayer, S. M.: Science Communication: A Contemporary Definition, Public Underst. Sci., 12, 183–202, https://doi.org/10.1177/09636625030122004, 2003.
Carabajal, I. G., Marshall, A. M., and Atchison, C. L.: A Synthesis of Instructional Strategies in Geoscience Education Literature That Address Barriers to Inclusion for Students With Disabilities, Journal of Geoscience Education, 65, 531–541, https://doi.org/10.5408/16-211.1, 2017.
Cassady, J. and Kozlowski, A.: Electronic Field Trips as Interactive Learning Events: Promoting Student Learning at a Distance, Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19, 439–454, 2023, 2008.
Choi, Y.-S., Choe, S.-U., and Kim, C.-J.: Examining Middle School Students' Gestures on Geological Field Trips, Asia-Pacific Science Education, 6, 97–115, https://doi.org/10.1163/23641177-BJA10002, 2020.
Clary, R. M.: Can the history of geology inform geoscience education and public reception of climate change? Lessons from the history of glacial theory, Geosphere, 14, 642–650, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01461.1, 2018.
Cliffe, A. D.: A review of the benefits and drawbacks to virtual field guides in today's Geoscience higher education environment, International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 14, 28, https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-017-0066-x, 2017.
Crawford, A. J., Hays, C. L., Schlichte, S. L., Greer, S. E., Mallard, H. J., Singh, R. M., Clarke, M. A., and Schiller, A. M.: Retrospective analysis of a STEM outreach event reveals positive influences on student attitudes toward STEM careers but not scientific methodology, Adv. Physiol. Educ., 45, 427–436, https://doi.org/10.1152/advan.00118.2020, 2021.
Dahlstrom, M. F.: Using narratives and storytelling to communicate science with nonexpert audiences, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 13614–13620, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1320645111, 2014.
Dawborn-Gundlach, L. M., Pesina, J., Rochette, E., Hubber, P., Gaff, P., Henry, D., Gibson, M., Kelly, L., and Redman, C.: Enhancing pre-service teachers' concept of Earth Science through an immersive, conceptual museum learning program (Reconceptualising Rocks), Teach. Teach. Educ., 67, 214–226, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.06.012, 2017.
Dolphin, G., Dutchak, A., Karchewski, B., and Cooper, J.: Virtual field experiences in introductory geology: Addressing a capacity problem, but finding a pedagogical one, Journal of Geoscience Education, 67, 114–130, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2018.1547034, 2019.
Evelpidou, N., Karkani, A., Saitis, G., and Spyrou, E.: Virtual field trips as a tool for indirect geomorphological experience: a case study from the southeastern part of the Gulf of Corinth, Greece, Geosci. Commun., 4, 351–360, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-351-2021, 2021.
Fitzakerley, J. L., Michlin, M. L., Paton, J., and Dubinsky, J. M.: Neuroscientists' Classroom Visits Positively Impact Student Attitudes, PLoS ONE, 8, e84035, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084035, 2013.
Gates, A. E. and Kalczynski, M. J.: The Oil Game: Generating Enthusiasm for Geosciences in Urban Youth in Newark, NJ, Journal of Geoscience Education, 64, 17–23, https://doi.org/10.5408/10-164.1, 2016.
GSA Position Statement: Promoting Earth Science Literacy for Public Decision Making,
https://www.geosociety.org/gsa/positions/position21.aspx, last access: 1 March 2024, 2013.
Gonzales, L. and Keane, C.: Status of the Geoscience Workforce 2011, The American Geological Institute Workforce Program, ISBN 978-0-922152-86-5, 2011.
Granshaw, F. D. and Duggan-Haas, D.: Virtual fieldwork in geoscience teacher education: Issues, techniques, and models, edited by: Whitmeyer, S. J., Bailey, J. E., De Paor, D. G., and Ornduff, T., Google Earth and Virtual Visualizations in Geoscience Education and Research, Geological Society of America, https://doi.org/10.1130/2012.2492(20), 2012.
Gürer, D., Hubbard, J., and Bohon, W.: Science on social media, Commun. Earth Environ., 4, 148, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43247-023-00810-9, 2023.
Hanks, C., Levine, R., Gonzalez, R., Wartes, D., and Fowell, S.: Survey Development for Measuring the Near-term Effectiveness of a Program to Recruit Minority Geoscientists, Journal of Geoscience Education, 55, 244–250, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.3.244, 2007.
Harrison, M., Baldwin, S., Caffee, M., Gehrels, G., Schoene, B., Shuster, D., and Singer, B.: Geochronology: It's about time, Eos, 96, https://doi.org/10.1029/2015EO041901, 2015.
Hildenbrand, G. M.: Explaining jargon using clear communication strategies, Communication Teacher, 36, 10–13, https://doi.org/10.1080/17404622.2021.1906924, 2022.
Hoisch, T. D. and Bowie, J. I.: Assessing Factors that Influence the Recruitment of Majors from Introductory Geology Classes a
t Northern Arizona University, Journal of Geoscience Education, 58, 166–176, https://doi.org/10.5408/1.3544297, 2010.
Jahn, J. L. S. and Myers, K. K.: “When Will I Use This?” How Math and Science Classes Communicate Impressions of STEM Careers: Implications for Vocational Anticipatory Socialization, Communication Studies, 66, 218–237, https://doi.org/10.1080/10510974.2014.990047, 2015.
Jeffers, A., Safferman, A., and Safferman, S.: Understanding K–12 engineering outreach programs, J. Prof. Iss. Eng. Ed. Pr., 130, 95–108, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1052-3928(2004)130:2(95), 2004.
King, C.: Geoscience education across the globe – results of the IUGS-COGE/IGEO survey, Episodes, 36, 19–30, https://doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2013/v36i1/004, 2013.
King, C., Gorfinkiel, D., and Frick, M.: International comparisons of school-level geoscience education–the UNESCO/IGEO expert opinion survey, Int. J. Sci. Educ., 43, 56–78, https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2020.1854894, 2021.
Kurtis, K.: Minority college student attitudes toward the geological sciences: Unearthing barriers to enrollment, thesis, California State University, Long Beach, United States, 2009.
LaDue, N. D. and Clark, S. K.: Educator Perspectives on Earth System Science Literacy: Challenges and Priorities, Journal of Geoscience Education, 60, 372–383, https://doi.org/10.5408/11-253.1, 2012.
Levine, R., González, R., Cole, S., Fuhrman, M., and Le Floch, K. C.: The Geoscience Pipeline: A Conceptual Framework, Journal of Geoscience Education, 55, 458–468, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-55.6.458, 2007.
Locke, S. L., Bracey, G., Foster, T., Fraine, S., Hu, S., Lacombe, K., and Wilson, C.: Connecting formal and informal learning to enhance elementary teacher preparation in geosciences, Terrae Didatica, 14, 282–288, https://doi.org/10.20396/td.v14i3.8653527, 2018.
Loizzo, J., Harner, M. J., Weitzenkamp, D. J., and Kent, K.: Electronic Field Trips for Science Engagement: The Streaming Science Model, Journal of Applied Communications, 103, 2, https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.2275, 2019.
Lyon, E., Freeman, R. L., Bathon, J., Fryar, A., McGlue, M., Erhardt, A. M., Rosen, A., Sampson, S., Nelson, A., and Parsons, J.: Attitudinal impediments to geology major recruitment among ninth graders at a STEM high school, Journal of Geoscience Education, 68, 237–253, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2019.1700593, 2020.
Mahan, K. H., Frothingham, M. G., and Alexander, E.: Virtual mapping and analytical data integration: a teaching module using Precambrian crystalline basement in Colorado's Front Range (USA), Geosci. Commun., 4, 421–435, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-421-2021, 2021.
Maltese, A. V. and Tai, R. H.: Pipeline persistence: Examining the association of educational experiences with earned degrees in STEM among U.S. students, Sci. Educ., 95, 877–907, https://doi.org/10.1002/sce.20441, 2011.
Martinez-Conde, S. and Macknik, S. L.: Finding the plot in science storytelling in hopes of enhancing science communication, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 114, 8127–8129, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1711790114, 2017.
Maynard, A. D.: How to Succeed as an Academic on YouTube, Front. Commun., 5, 572181, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2020.572181, 2021.
McNeal, K. S., Spry, J. M., Mitra, R., and Tipton, J. L.: Measuring Student Engagement, Knowledge, and Perceptions of Climate Change in an Introductory Environmental Geology Course, Journal of Geoscience Education, 62, 655–667, https://doi.org/10.5408/13-111.1, 2014.
Morris, N. P. and Lambe, J.: Multimedia interactive eBooks in laboratory bioscience education, Higher Education Pedagogies, 2, 28–42, https://doi.org/10.1080/23752696.2017.1338531, 2017.
National Research Council: Next generation science standards: For states by states, The National Academies Press, United States of America, https://doi.org/10.17226/18290, 2013.
OECD: Programme for International Student Assessment, and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (Eds.), PISA 2018 Results, OECD, https://doi.org/10.1787/5f07c754-en, 2019.
Olson, R.: Houston, we have a narrative: Why science needs story, University of Chicago Press, 2015.
Olson, S. and Riordan, D. G.: Engage to excel: producing one million additional college graduates with degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics, Report to the president, Executive office of the president, 2012.
Onstad, C.: Earth Science Education #6. Lessons Learned: Organizing a Geoscience Outreach Program at the University of Saskatchewan, Geosci. Can., 48, 133–139, https://doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2021.48.178, 2021.
Ortiz-Guerrero, C.: A Virtual Field Trip through Geologic Time,
https://earth.google.com/earth/d/1btfkYpOkcsqQktfky-t0pYJLT1e2lJSP?usp=sharing, last access: 22 April 2024.
Osborne, J., Simon, S., and Collins, S.: Attitudes towards science: A review of the literature and its implications, Int. J. Sci. Educ., 25, 1049–1079, https://doi.org/10.1080/0950069032000032199, 2003.
Painter, J., Jones, M. G., Tretter, T. R., and Kubasko, D.: Pulling Back the Curtain: Uncovering and Changing Students' Perceptions of Scientists, School Science and Mathematics, 106, 181–190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1949-8594.2006.tb18074.x, 2006.
Petcovic, H. L., Cervenec, J., Cheek, K., Dahl, R., and Price, N.: Research on Elementary, Middle, and Secondary Earth and Space Sciences Teacher Education, Community Framework for Geoscience Education Research, National Association of Geoscience Teachers, https://doi.org/10.25885/ger_framework/4, 2018.
Pugsley, J. H., Howell, J. A., Hartley, A., Buckley, S. J., Brackenridge, R., Schofield, N., Maxwell, G., Chmielewska, M., Ringdal, K., Naumann, N., and Vanbiervliet, J.: Virtual field trips utilizing virtual outcrop: construction, delivery and implications for the future, Geosci. Commun., 5, 227–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-227-2022, 2022.
Pyle, E. J., Darling, A., Kreager, Z., and Conrad, S. H.: Research on Students' Conceptual Understanding o
f Geology/Solid Earth Science Content, James Madison University, https://doi.org/10.25885/GER_FRAMEWORK/2, 2018.
Roca, N. and Garcia-Valles, M.: Trainee Teacher Experience in Geoscience Education: Can We Do Better?, Geoheritage, 12, 92, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-020-00518-8, 2020.
Rogers, S. L., Giles, S., Dowey, N. J., Greene, S. E., Bhatia, R., Van Landeghem, K., and King, C.: “you just look at rocks, and have beards” Perceptions of geology from the UK: a qualitative analysis from an online survey, Earth Science, Systems and Society, in press, 2024.
Scherer, H. H., Holder, L., and Herbert, B.: Student Learning of Complex Earth Systems: Conceptual Frameworks of Earth Systems and Instructional Design, Journal of Geoscience Education, 65, 473–489, https://doi.org/10.5408/16-208.1, 2017.
Schmidt, K. and Kelter, P.: Science Fairs: A Qualitative Study of Their Impact on Student Science Inquiry Learning and Attitudes toward STEM, Science Educator, 25, 26–132, 2017.
Sell, K. S., Herbert, B. E., Stuessy, C. L., and Schielack, J.: Supporting Student Conceptual Model Development of Complex Earth Systems Through the Use of Multiple Representations and Inquiry, Journal of Geoscience Education, 54, 396–407, https://doi.org/10.5408/1089-9995-54.3.396, 2006.
Sherman-Morris, K., Brown, M. E., Dyer, J. L., McNeal, K. S., and Rodgers, J. C.: Teachers' Geoscience Career Knowledge and Implications for Enhancing Diversity in the Geosciences, Journal of Geoscience Education, 61, 326–333, 2013.
St. John, K., McNeal, K. S., MacDonald, R. H., Kastens, K. A., Bitting, K. S., Cervato, C., McDaris, J. R., Petcovic, H. L., Pyle, E. J., Riggs, E. M., Ryker, K., Semken, S., and Teasdale, R.: A community framework for geoscience education research: Summary and recommendations for future research priorities, Journal of Geoscience Education, 69, 2–13, https://doi.org/10.1080/10899995.2020.1779569, 2021.
Stewart, I. S. and Hurth, V.: Selling planet Earth: Re-purposing geoscience communications, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 508, 265–283, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP508-2020-101, 2021.
Stocklmayer, S.: Public awareness of science and informal learning: a perspective on the role of science museums, The Informal Learning Review, 72, 14–19, 2005.
Syawaludin, A., Gunarhadi, G., and Rintayati, P.: Development of Augmented Reality-Based Interactive Multimedia to Improve Critical Thinking Skills in Science Learning, International Journal of Instruction, 12, 331–344, https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12421a, 2019.
Tai, R. H., Qi Liu, C., Maltese, A. V., and Fan, X.: Planning Early for Careers in Science, Science, 312, 1143–1144, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1128690, 2006.
Tillinghast, R. C., Petersen, E. A., Kroth, W., Powers, G., Holzer, M., Osowski, J., and Mansouri, M.: Bringing Geosciences to K-12 Classrooms: A Teacher Training Program Developed by the Sterling Hill Mining Museum, 2019 IEEE Integrated STEM Education Conference (ISEC), Princeton, NJ, USA, 69–75, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISECon.2019.8882052, 2019.
Vennix, J., den Brok, P., and Taconis, R.: Perceptions of STEM-based outreach learning activities in secondary education, Learning Environments Research, 20, 21–46, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-016-9217-6, 2017.
Vennix, J., den Brok, P., and Taconis, R.: Do outreach activities in secondary STEM education motivate students and improve their attitudes towards STEM?, Int. J. Sci. Educ., 40, 1263–1283, https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2018.1473659, 2018.
Villaseñor, T., Celis, S., Queupil, J. P., Pinto, L., and Rojas, M.: The influence of early experiences and university environment for female students choosing geoscience programs: a case study at Universidad de Chile, Adv. Geosci., 53, 227–244, https://doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-53-227-2020, 2020.
Wang, N., Clowdus, Z., Sealander, A., and Stern, R.: Geonews: timely geoscience educational YouTube videos about recent geologic events, Geosci. Commun., 5, 125–142, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-125-2022, 2022.
Welbourne, D. J. and Grant, W. J.: Science communication on YouTube: Factors that affect channel and video popularity, Public Underst. Sci., 25, 706–718, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662515572068, 2016.
Wyatt, S. and Werner, J.: Using Google Earth to Support Active Learning in an Online Geology Course, Distance Learning, 16, 3–5, 2019.
Wysession, M. E., LaDue, N., Budd, D. A., Campbell, K., Conklin, M., Kappel, E., Lewis, G., Raynolds, R., Ridky, R. W., Ross, R. M., Taber, J., Tewksbury, B., and Tuddenham, P.: Developing and Applying a Set of Earth Science Literacy Principles, Journal of Geoscience Education, 60, 95–99, https://doi.org/10.5408/11-248.1, 2012.
