Articles | Volume 8, issue 2
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-8-151-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-8-151-2025
© Author(s) 2025. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Early engagement with First Nations in British Columbia, Canada: a case study for assessing the feasibility of geological carbon storage
Katrin Steinthorsdottir
CORRESPONDING AUTHOR
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Shandin Pete
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Gregory M. Dipple
Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada
Richard Truman
Geoscience BC, Vancouver, BC V6C 2T7, Canada
Sandra Ósk Snæbjörnsdóttir
Carbfix hf., Reykjavík 110, Iceland
Cited articles
Abell, J.: Gitxaala v British Columbia: B.C. mineral claim system breaches the duty to consult, https://www.oktlaw.com/gitxaala-v-british-columbia-b-c-mineral-claim-system-breaches (last access: 19 July 2024), 2023.
Adame, F.: Meaningful collaborations can end `helicopter research', https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-021-01795-1 (last access: 9 January 2024), 2021.
Adams, M. S., Carpenter, J., Housty, J. A., Neasloss, D., Paquet, P. C., Service, C., Walkus, J., and Darimont, C. T.: Toward increased engagement between academic and indigenous community partners in ecological research, Ecol. Soc., 19, 5, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-06569-190305, 2014.
Anderson, C., Schirmer, J., and Abjorensen, N.: Exploring CCS community acceptance and public participation from a human and social capital perspective, Mitig. Adapt. Strateg. Glob. Change, 17, 687–706, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11027-011-9312-z, 2012.
Andre, P., Boneva, T., Chopra, F., and Falk, A.: Globally representative evidence on the actual and perceived support for climate action, Nat. Clim. Change, 14, 253–259, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-024-01925-3, 2024.
Antar: The destruction of Juukan Gorge, https://antar.org.au/issues/cultural-heritage/the-destruction-of-juukan-gorge/ (last access: 3 January 2024), 2023.
Association for Mineral Exploration: Indigenous Engagement Guidebook, https://amebc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/AME-Indigenous-Engagement-Guidebook-Sept-2020.pdf (last access: 9 January 2024), 2020.
Bachu, S. and Gunter, W. D.: Overview of acid-gas injection operations in western Canada, Greenh. Gas Control Technol., 1, 443–448, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-008044704-9/50045-8, 2005.
BC Assembly of First Nations: First Nations in BC, https://www.bcafn.ca/first-nations-bc/interactive-map (last access: 15 January 2024), 2024.
Becattini, V., Wiemer, S., and Mazzotti, M.: Accelerating the climate transition through scientist-led CO2 management pilot projects, Nat. Chem. Eng., 1, 267–269, https://doi.org/10.1038/s44286-024-00056-y, 2024.
British Columbia: Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Act, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/governments/indigenous-people/new-relationship/united-nations-declaration-on-the-rights-of-indigenous-peoples (last access: 5 January 2024), 2019.
British Columbia: Contacts for First Nation consultation areas, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/data/geographic-data-services/land-use/contacts-for-first-nation-consultation-areas (last access: 5 January 2024), 2023.
Brunsting, S., Upham, P., Dütschke, E., De Best Waldhober, M., Oltra, C., Desbarats, J., Riesch, H., and Reiner, D.: Communicating CCS: Applying communications theory to public perceptions of carbon capture and storage, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 5, 1651–1662, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.09.012, 2011a.
Brunsting, S., de Best-Waldhober, M., Feenstra, C. F. J., and Mikunda, T.: Stakeholder participation practices and onshore CCS: Lessons from the Dutch CCS case Barendrecht, Energ. Proced., 4, 6376–6383, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.02.655, 2011b.
Buscheck, T. A., Bielicki, J. M., Edmunds, T. A., Hao, Y., Sun, Y., Randolph, J. B., and Saar, M. O.: Multifluid geo-energy systems: Using geologic CO2 storage for geothermal energy production and grid-scale energy storage in sedimentary basins, Geosphere, 12, 678–696, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01207.1, 2016.
Bushman, T.: Procuring with purpose: Canada's opportunity to shape the carbon removal market, Carbon Remov. Canada, 40 pp., https://carbonremoval.ca/press-release-procuring-with-purpose-policy-report-carbon (last access: 25 February 2025), 2024.
Bushman, T. and Merchant, N.: Ready for removal: A decisive decade for Canadian leadership in carbon dioxide removal, Toronto, 45 pp., https://carbonremoval.ca/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/CRC_ResearchReport_ReadyForRemoval-KeyFindings.pdf (last access: 25 February 2025), 2023.
Carbon Business Council: Carbon dioxide removal responsible deployment trainings, https://www.carbonbusinesscouncil.org/rdt (last access: 3 January 2024), 2024.
Carbon Capture and Sequestration Technologies program at MIT: In Salah Fact Sheet: Carbon Dioxide Capture and Storage Project, https://sequestration.mit.edu/tools/projects/in_salah.html (last access: 25 February 2025), 2016.
Cartier, K.: Teaching geoscience history in context, Eos, 102, 1–11, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021eo155621, 2021.
Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, Sustainable Minerals Institute, and University of Queensland: The changing arctic and just energy transitions: Exploring patterns of community consultation and consent, 1 pp., https://www.csrm.uq.edu.au/publications/the-changing-arctic-and-just-energy-transitions (last access: 25 February 2025), 2023.
CICE: Catalyzing carbon dioxide removal at scale – a techno-economic analysis of gigatonne opportunities, 154 pp., https://cice.ca/knowledge-hub/catalyzing-carbon-dioxide-removal-at-scale-report/ (last access: 25 February 2025), 2024.
Clark, D. E., Oelkers, E. H., Gunnarsson, I., Sigfússon, B., Snæbjörnsdóttir, S., Aradóttir, E. S., and Gíslason, S. R.: CarbFix2: CO2 and H2S mineralization during 3.5 years of continuous injection into basaltic rocks at more than 250 °C, Geochim. Cosmochim. Ac., 279, 45–66, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2020.03.039, 2020.
Coastal Conservancy: Tips for meaningful community engagement, https://scc.ca.gov/files/2019/04/Tips-for-Meaningful-Community-Engagement.pdf (last access: 15 January 2024), 2024.
Coastal First Nations Great Bear Initiatice: Carbon credits, https://coastalfirstnations.ca/our-land/carbon-credits/ (last access: 25 March 2024), 2022.
Connolly, M.: First Nations carbon: A BCAFN discussion paper, BCAFN, 44 pp., https://www.bcafn.ca/priority-areas/environment/climate-emergency/first-nations-carbon-offsets (last access: 25 February 2025), 2022.
Cox, E., Spence, E., and Pidgeon, N.: Public perceptions of carbon dioxide removal in the United States and the United Kingdom, Nat. Clim. Change, 10, 744–749, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0823-z, 2020.
Cutts, J. A., Steinthorsdottir, K., Turvey, C., Dipple, G. M., Enkin, R. J., and Peacock, S. M.: Deducing mineralogy of serpentinized and carbonated ultramafic rocks using physical properties with implications for carbon sequestration and subduction zone dynamics, Geochem. Geophy. Geosy., 22, 1–23, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021GC009989, 2021.
De Santo, M. K., Domptail, S. E., and Hirsch, J.: How culture and worldviews shape development and our environment, in: Degrowth Decolonization and Development: When Culture Meets the Environment, Springer International Publishing, Cham, 1–16, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-25945-6, 2023.
Desbarats, J., Upham, M., McLachlan, C., Riesch, H., Reiner, D., Brunsting, S., De Best-Waldhober, M., Duetschke, E., Oltra, C., and Sala, R.: Review of the public participation practices for CCS and non-CCS projects in Europe, Netherlands, IEEP,211 pp., https://ieep.eu/publications/review-of-the-public-participation-practices-for (last access: 25 February 2025), 2010.
Dharapak. C: 54 % of projects extracting clean energy minerals overlap with Indigenous lands, research reveals, https://theconversation.com/54-of-projects-extracting-clean-energy-minerals-overlap-with (last access: 5 February 2024), 2022.
Eberenz, S., Dallo, I., Becattini, V., Holenstein, M., Wiemer, S., and Mazzotti, M.: Nine recommendations for engaging with the public and stakeholders for carbon capture, transportation, utilization, and storage, Energ. Res. Soc. Sci., 118, 103804, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2024.103804, 2024.
EOAS Indigenous Engagement Committee: EOAS Field Research Guidelines for Indigenous Engagement, Vancouver, BC, 6 pp., https://www.eoas.ubc.ca/edi-and-safety/indigenous-engagement (last access: 25 February 2025), 2025.
First Peoples' Cultural Council: First People's Map of B.C., https://maps.fpcc.ca/ (last access: 15 January 2024), 2021.
FNIGC: The First Nations Principles of OCAP, https://fnigc.ca/ocap-training/ (last access: 7 February 2024), 2024.
FNMPC Conference: FNMPC 6th annual conference, The values driven economy, https://fnmpc.ca/conference/thank-you-for-attending-the-fnmpc-6th-annual-conference-the (last access: 7 February 2024), 2023.
Fuhrman, J., Speizer, S., O'Rourke, P., Peters, G. P., McJeon, H., Monteith, S., Aldrete Lopez, L., and Wang, F. M.: Ambitious efforts on residual emissions can reduce CO2 removal and lower peak temperatures in a net-zero future, Environ. Res. Lett., 19, 064012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ad456d, 2024.
Furre, A.-K., Eiken, O., Alnes, H., Vevatne, J. N., and Kiær, A. F.: 20 years of monitoring CO2-injection at Sleipner, Energ. Proced., 114, 3916–3926, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2017.03.1523, 2017.
Gamble, S. and McQueen, J.: Best practices for Indigenous engagement, Can. Comm. UNESCO's Idealab, 6 pp., https://en.ccunesco.ca/search#q=best practices (last access: 25 February 2025), 2019.
Geoscience BC: Northeast BC geological carbon capture and storage atlas, https://www.geosciencebc.com/projects/2022-001/ (last access: 25 March 2024), 2023.
Geoscience BC: Project concept: Pilot-scale carbon capture and storage in ultramafic rocks, https://www.geosciencebc.com/projects/2022-006/ (last access: 4 January 2024), 2024.
Gewin, V.: Respect and representation – Indigenous scientists seek inclusion for their knowledge and for themselves, Nature, 589, 315–317, https://doi.org/10.1080/09528829808576751, 2021.
GIDA: CARE principles for Indigenous data governance, https://www.gida-global.org/care (last access: 7 February 2024), 2024.
Gillette, R.: Minorities in the geosciences: Beyond the open door, Science, 177, 148–151, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.177.4044.148, 1972.
Goff, F. and Lackner, K. S.: Carbon dioxide sequestering using ultramafic rocks, Environ. Geosci., 5, 89–101, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1526-0984.1998.08014.x, 1998.
Goldberg, D. S., Nawaz, S., Lavin, J., and Slagle, A. L.: Upscaling DAC hubs with wind energy and CO2 mineral storage: Considerations for large-scale carbon removal from the atmosphere, Environ. Sci. Technol., 57, 21527–21534, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.3c03492, 2023.
Government of Canada: Government of Canada and the duty to consult, https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1331832510888/1609421255810 (last access: 12 April 2024), 2024a.
Government of Canada: Implementing the United Nations Declaration on the rights of Indigenous Peoples Act, https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/declaration/index.html (last access: 20 March 2024), 2024b.
Government of Northwest Territories: Research licence, https://www.ece.gov.nt.ca/en/research-licensing (last access: 3 January 2024), 2024.
Government of Yukon: Apply for a scientists and explorers act licence, https://yukon.ca/en/science-and-natural-resources/research-and-monitoring/apply-scientists-and-explorers-act-licence (last access: 5 February 2024), 2024.
Haggart, J. W., Harris, J. M., and Hutton, C. A.: Public geoscience to reduce exploration risk: new methods to characterize the basement beneath geological cover and to address community engagement in the Cariboo-Chilcotin region of British Columbia, Can. J. Earth Sci., 48, 861–869, https://doi.org/10.1139/e11-020, 2011.
Haug, J. K. and Stigson, P.: Local acceptance and communication as crucial elements for realizing CCS in the Nordic region, Energ. Proced., 86, 315–323, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2016.01.032, 2016.
Huggins, X., Gleeson, T., Castilla-Rho, J., Holley, C., Re, V., and Famiglietti, J. S.: Groundwater connections and sustainability in social-ecological systems, Groundwater, 61, 463–478, https://doi.org/10.1111/gwat.13305, 2023.
Hunt, J.: Engagement with Indigenous communities in key sectors, Prod. Closing Gap Clear. Canberra Aust. Inst. Heal. Welf. Melb. Aust. Inst. Fam. Stud., 16 pp., https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/indigenous-australians/engagement-with-indigenous-communities-in-key-sect/summary (last access: 25 February 2025), 2013.
IPCC: Climate Change 2021, edited by: Masson-Delmotte, V., Zhai, P., Pirani, A., Connors, S. L., Péan, C., Berger, S., Caud, N., Chen, Y., Goldfarb, L., Gomis, M. I., Huang, M., Leitzell, K., Lonnoy, E., Matthews, J. B. R., Maycock, T. K., Waterfield, T., Yelekçi, O., Yu, R., and Zhou, B., Cambridge University Press, 32 pp., https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ (last access: 25 February 2025), 2021.
Jones, J.: Consulting Indigenous communities on critical minerals is key to net zero ambitions, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/business/article-consulting-indigenous-communities-on-critical-minerals-is (last access: 3 January 2024), 2024.
Kelemen, P. B., Matter, J., Streit, E. E., Rudge, J. F., Curry, W. B., and Blusztajn, J.: Rates and mechanisms of mineral carbonation in peridotite: Natural processes and recipes for enhanced, in situ CO2 capture and storage, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 39, 545–576, https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-earth-092010-152509, 2011.
Kennedy, T. and Keenan, J.: Agreements and engagement with rightsholders in artisanal and small-scale gold mining: Moving from common approaches toward best practice, PlanetGOLD/NRDC, Washington, D.C., 78 pp., https://www.csrm.uq.edu.au/publications/agreements-and-engagement-with-rightsholders-in-artisanal-and (last access: 25 February 2025), 2023.
Lavoie, J.: Tsilhqot'in back in court in fight over Fish Lake as Taseko Mines readies for exploration, https://thenarwhal.ca/tsilhqotin-back-court-fight-over-fish-lake-taseko-mines-readies (last access: 2 April 2024), 2018.
Low, S., Fritz, L., Baum, C. M., and Sovacool, B. K.: Public perceptions on carbon removal from focus groups in 22 countries, Nat. Commun., 15, 3453, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-47853-w, 2024.
Mackenzie, S., Everingham, J.-A., and Bourke, P.: The social dimensions of mineral exploration, SEG Discov., 121, 16–24, https://doi.org/10.5382/geo-and-mining-07, 2020.
Marieni, C., Přikryl, J., Aradóttir, E. S., Gunnarsson, I., and Stefánsson, A.: Towards “green” geothermal energy: Co-mineralization of carbon and sulfur in geothermal reservoirs, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 77, 96–105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2018.07.011, 2018.
Mathisen, H.: A rare first in Canada, CIM Mag., 16, 38–41, 2021.
Matter, J. M., Stute, M., Snæbjörnsdóttir, S. Ó., Oelkers, E. H., Gislason, S. R., Aradottir, E. S., Sigfusson, B., Gunnarsson, I., Sigurdardottir, H., Gunnlaugsson, E., Axelsson, G., Alfredsson, H. A., Wolff-Boenisch, D., Mesfin, K., Fernandez de la Reguera, D., Hall, J., Dideriksen, K., and Broecker, W. S.: Rapid carbon mineralization for permanent disposal of anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions, Science, 352, 1312–1314, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aad8132, 2016.
McGregor, C., McIvor, O., and Rosborough, P.: Indigenous communities and community-engaged research: Opportunities and challenges, Engag. Sch. J., 2, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.15402/esj.v2i1.195, 2016.
McGregor, D., Latulippe, N., Whitlow, R., Gansworth, K. L., McGregor, L., and Allen, S.: Towards meaningful research and engagement: Indigenous knowledge systems and Great Lakes governance, J. Great Lakes Res., 49, S22–S31, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2023.02.009, 2023.
Medici, G., Ling, F., and Shang, J.: Review of discrete fracture network characterization for geothermal energy extraction, Front. Earth Sci., 11, 1328397, https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2023.1328397, 2023.
Mitchinson, D., Cutts, J., Fournier, D., Naylor, A., Dipple, G., Hart, C. J. R., Turvey, C., Rahimi, M., and Milidragovic, D.: The carbon mineralization potential of ultramafic rocks in British Columbia: a preliminary assessment, Rep. 2020-15/MDRU Publ. 452, Geosci. BC, 25 pp., https://www.geosciencebc.com/projects/2018-038/ (last access: 25 February 2025), 2020.
Native land digital: https://native-land.ca/ (last access: 3 January 2024), 2024.
Nawaz, S., Peterson St-Laurent, G., and Satterfield, T.: Public evaluations of four approaches to ocean-based carbon dioxide removal, Clim. Policy, 23, 379–394, https://doi.org/10.1080/14693062.2023.2179589, 2023.
Nunavut Research Institute: Research Licensing in Nunavut, https://www.nri.nu.ca/research-licencing-nunavut (last access: 5 February 2024), 2021.
Nwankwoala, H.: Geoethics as an emerging discipline: Perspectives, ethical challenges and prospects, Earth Sci. Malaysia, 3, 01–08, https://doi.org/10.26480/esmy.01.2019.01.08, 2019.
Nyblade, M. and McDonald, J.: Recognizing geology's colonial history for better policy today, Eos, 102, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2021eo162069, 2021.
Office of Indigenous Strategic Initiatives: Implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples at UBC, https://iap-2021.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/09/UNDRIP-FAQ-Doc_final.pdf (last access: 9 January 2024), 2020.
Oxford Reference: Worldview, https://www.oxfordreference.com/view/10.1093/oi/authority.20110803124830471 (last access: 24 April 2024), 2024.
Parmenter, J., Dowell, K., Holcombe, S., and Alexander, R.: Aboriginal employment outcomes at Argyle Diamond Mine: What constitutes success, and for whom?, Resour. Policy, 87, 104327, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resourpol.2023.104327, 2023.
Peppoloni, S. and Di Capua, G.: Geoethics: Ethical, social and cultural implications in geosciences, Ann. Geophys., 60, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.4401/ag-7473, 2017.
Pico, T.: The Darker Side of John Wesley Powell, https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/voices/the-darker-side-of-john-wesley-powell/ (last access: 5 February 2024), 2019.
Plunk, A. and Gehlert, S.: What's trust got to do with it? Ensuring meaningful community engagement, Am. J. Bioeth., 18, 53–55, https://doi.org/10.1080/15265161.2018.1431325, 2018.
Radwin, M.: Mining company destroys Indigenous cemetery during expansion in Honduras, https://news.mongabay.com/2022/06/mining-company-destroys-indigenous-cemetery-during (last access: 5 February 2024), 2022.
Reid, A. J., McGregor, D. A., Menzies, A. K., Eckert, L. E., Febria, C. M., and Popp, J. N.: Ecological research `in a good way' means ethical and equitable relationships with Indigenous Peoples and Lands, Nat. Ecol. Evol., 8, 595–598, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-023-02309-0, 2024.
Rogers, S. L., Dowey, N., Lau, L., Sheikh, H., and Williams, R.: Geology uprooted! Decolonising the curriculum for geologists, Geosci. Commun., 5, 189–204, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-189-2022, 2022.
Sangwan, S.: Reordering the earth: The emergence of geology as a scientific discipline in colonial India, Indian Econ. Soc. Hist. Rev., 31, 291–310, https://doi.org/10.1177/001946469403100302, 1994.
Satterfield, T., Nawaz, S., and St-Laurent, G. P.: Exploring public acceptability of direct air carbon capture with storage: climate urgency, moral hazards and perceptions of the `whole versus the parts', Climatic Change, 176, 1–21, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-023-03483-7, 2023.
Schlosberg, D. and Collins, L. B.: From environmental to climate justice: climate change and the discourse of environmental justice, Wiley Interdisciplin. Rev. Clim. Change, 5, 359–374, https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.275, 2014.
Simmons, M.: The complicated truth about pipelines crossing Wet'suwet'en territory, https://thenarwhal.ca/coastal-gaslink-map-wetsuweten/ (last access: 5 February 2024), 2022.
Smith, C. and McPhie, M.: Weaving two worlds: Economic reconciliation between Indigenous Peoples and the resource sector, Page Two Press, 186 pp., 2022.
Snæbjörnsdóttir, S., Sigfússon, B., Marieni, C., Goldberg, D., Gislason, S. R., and Oelkers, E. H.: Carbon dioxide storage through mineral carbonation, Nat. Rev. Earth Environ., 1, 90–102, https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-019-0011-8, 2020.
Solid Carbon: https://solidcarbon.ca/ (last access: 25 March 2024), 2024.
Stein, S., Ahenakew, C., Valley, W., Sherpa, P. Y., Crowson, E., Robin, T., Mendes, W., and Evans, S.: Toward more ethical engagements between Western and Indigenous sciences, Facets, 9, 1–14, https://doi.org/10.1139/facets-2023-0071, 2024.
Steinthorsdottir, K., Cutts, J., Dipple, G., Milidragovic, D., and Jones, F.: Origin and serpentinization of ultramafic rocks in dismembered ophiolite north of Trembleur Lake, central British Columbia, Geol. Fieldwork 2019, Br. Columbia Geol. Surv. Pap. 01, Br. Columbia Minist. Energy, Mines Pet. Resour. 49–58, https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/industry/mineral-exploration-mining/british-columbia-geological-survey/publications/fieldwork (last access: 25 February 2025), 2020.
THEL: Atlin's hydro opportunity, https://www.atlinhydro.ca/ (last access: 5 February 2024), 2024.
Thomas, G., Pidgeon, N., and Roberts, E.: Ambivalence, naturalness and normality in public perceptions of carbon capture and storage in biomass, fossil energy, and industrial applications in the United Kingdom, Energ. Res. Soc. Sci., 46, 1–9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.erss.2018.06.007, 2018.
Tu Deh-Kah Geothermal: https://tudehkahgeothermal.com/ (last access: 5 February 2024), 2024.
UBC Office of Research Ethics: Indigenous Research and Ethics Review, https://researchethics.ubc.ca/behavioural-research-ethics/indigenous-research-and-ethics-review (last access: 17 July 2024), 2024.
USGS: About office of tribal relations, https://www.usgs.gov/office-of-tribal-relations/about (last access: 7 February 2024), 2024.
Verdon, J. P., Stork, A. L., Bissell, R. C., Bond, C. E., and Werner, M. J.: Simulation of seismic events induced by CO2 injection at In Salah, Algeria, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 426, 118–129, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2015.06.029, 2015.
Wallquist, L., Visschers, V. H. M., and Siegrist, M.: Impact of knowledge and misconceptions on benefit and risk perception of CCS, Environ. Sci. Technol., 44, 6557–6562, https://doi.org/10.1021/es1005412, 2010.
Wallquist, L., Seigo, S. L., Visschers, V. H. M., and Siegrist, M.: Public acceptance of CCS system elements: A conjoint measurement, Int. J. Greenh. Gas Control, 6, 77–83, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2011.11.008, 2012.
Weeks, J.: Protesters urge caution over St Ives climate trial amid chemical plans for bay, https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2023/apr/17/protesters-urge-caution-over-st-ives-climate-trial-amid (last access: 3 January 2024), 2023.
Wilson, E., Best, S., Blackmore, E., and Ospanova, S.: Meaningful community engagement in the extractive industries: Stakeholder perspectives and research priorities, International Institute for Environment and Development, London, 47 pp., ISBN 9781784312329, https://www.iied.org/16047iied (last access: 25 February 2025), 2016.
Wilson-Raybould, J.: True reconciliation: How to be a force for change, McClelland & Stewart, 352 pp., ISBN 9780771004407, 2022.
Wong, C., Ballegooyen, K., Ignace, L., Johnson, M. J., and Swanson, H.: Towards reconciliation: 10 Calls to Action to natural scientists working in Canada, Facets, 5, 769–783, https://doi.org/10.1139/FACETS-2020-0005, 2020.
Short summary
This study describes an early engagement process between geologists and 21 First Nations or alliances in British Columbia, Canada. The reason for contacting the Nations was to inform them about a project concept involving the underground storage of carbon in serpentinite rocks. Additionally, we asked for consent for geological fieldwork and to start building relationships. Further engagement work will be done if the proposed project proceeds.
This study describes an early engagement process between geologists and 21 First Nations or...
Altmetrics
Final-revised paper
Preprint