Besley, J. C., Dudo, A., Yuan, S., and Lawrence, F.: Understanding Scientists' Willingness to Engage, Sci. Commun., 40, 1–32, https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547018786561, 2018b.
Biermann, K., Banse, L., and Taddicken, M.: “It's mostly a one-way street, to be honest”: The subjective relevance of public engagement in the science communication of professional university communicators, Journal of Science Communication, 24, https://doi.org/10.22323/2.24010203, 2025.
Broome, J.: The Future of Geoscience in the 21st Century: Art, Science, or Resource?, in: The Current Role of Geological Mapping in Geosciences, NATO Science Series IV: Earth and Environmental Sciences, Vol. 56, edited by: Ostaficzuk, S. R., 51–58, ISBN 978-1-4020-3551-7, https://doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-3551-9_6, 2005.
Brossard, D. and Lewenstein, B. V.: A Critical Appraisal of Models of Public Understanding of Science: Using Practice to Inform Theory, in: Communicating Science: New Agendas in Communication, edited by: Kahlor, L. A., and Stout, P., Routledge, New York, 11–39, https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203867631, 2010.
Bucchi, M. and Trench, B.: Science communication and science in society: a conceptual review in ten keywords, Tecnoscienz
a – Italian Journal of Science & Technology Studies, 7, 151–168, 2016.
Calice, M. N., Beets, B., Bao, L., Scheufele, D. A., Freiling, I., Brossard, D., Feinstein, N. W., Heisler, L., Tangen, T., and Handelsman, J.: Public engagement: Faculty lived experiences and perspectives underscore barriers and a changing culture in academia, PLoS ONE, 17, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269949, 2022.
Cologna, V., Mede, N. G., Berger, S., Besley, J. C., Brick, C., Joubert, M., Maibach, E. W., and Zwaan, R. A.: Trust in scientists and their role in society across 68 countries, Nat. Hum. Behav., 9, 713–730, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-02090-5, 2025.
Cormick, C.: The Science of Communicating Science: The Ultimate Guide, CSIRO Publishing, ISBN 978-1-78924-514-1, 2019.
Donnelly, L. J.: Communication in geology: a personal perspective and lessons from volcanic, mining, exploration, geotechnical, police and geoforensic investigations, Geol. Soc. Lond. Spec. Publ., 305, 107–121, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP305.11, 2008.
Dudo, A. and Besley, J.: Scientists' Prioritization of Communication Objectives for Public Engagement, PLoS ONE, 11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0148867, 2016.
Dunwoody, S., Brossard, D., and Dudo, A.: Socialization or rewards? Predicting US scientist-media interactions, J. Mass Commun. Q., 86, 299–314, https://doi.org/10.1177/107769900908600203, 2009.
Entradas, M. and Bauer, M. W.: Bustling public communication by astronomers around the world driven by personal and contextual factors, Nat. Astron., 3, 183–187, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-018-0633-7, 2019.
Entradas, M., Bauer, M. W., O'Muircheartaigh, C., Marcinkowski, F., Okamura, A., Pellegrini, G., and Besley, J. C.: Public communication by research institutes compared across countries and sciences: Building capacity for engagement or competing for visibility?, PLoS ONE, 15, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235191, 2020.
European Commission: Science with and for society in Horizon 2020: Achievements and recommendations for Horizon Europe, Publications Office of the European Union, https://doi.org/10.2777/32018, 2020.
Gani, S., Arnal, L., Beattie, L., Hillier, J., Illingworth, S., Lanza, T., Mohadjer, S., Pulkkinen, K., Roop, H., Stewart, I., von Elverfeldt, K., and Zihms, S.: Editorial: The shadowlands of (geo)science communication in academia – definitions, problems, and possible solutions, Geosci. Commun., 7, 251–266, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-251-2024, 2024.
Gavhi-Molefe, R., Jensen, E., and Joubert, M.: Why scientists agree to participate in science festivals: A perspective from Scifest Africa, Int. J. Sci. Educ. Part B, 11, https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2021.1905904, 127–142, 2021.
Grant, W. J.: The Knowledge Deficit Model and Science Communication, Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication, https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.1396, 2023.
Hearth, S.: Geologists as Colonial Scouts: The Rogers Expedition to Otavi and Tsumeb, Namibia, 1892–1895, Earth Sci. Hist., 42, 385–415, https://doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-42.2.385, 2024.
Hillier, J. K., Welsh, K. E., Stiller-Reeve, M., Priestley, R. K., Roop, H. A., Lanza, T., and Illingworth, S.: Editorial: Geoscience communication – planning to make it publishable, Geosci. Commun., 4, 493–506, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-493-2021, 2021.
Illingworth, S.: A spectrum of geoscience communication: from dissemination to participation, Geosci. Commun., 6, 131–139, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-6-131-2023, 2023.
Illingworth, S., Stewart, I., Tennant, J., and von Elverfeldt, K.: Editorial: Geoscience Communication – Building bridges, not walls, Geosci. Commun., 1, 1–7, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-1-1-2018, 2018.
Ivani, S. and Novaes, C. D.: Public engagement and argumentation in science, Eur. J. Philos. Sci., 12, 1–29, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13194-022-00480-y, 2022.
James, S., Morkel, J. M., and Ngwenya, N.: Traversing the Challenges of Community Engagement in South Africa: Emerging Researchers' Perspectives, Social and Health Sciences, 23, https://doi.org/10.25159/2957-3645/13877, 2025.
Joubert, M.: Country-specific factors that compel South African scientists to engage with public audiences, Journal of Science Communication, 17, https://doi.org/10.22323/2.17040304, 2018.
Joubert, M., Ndlovu, H., and Boshoff, N.: Public science communication in Africa: views and practices of academics at the National University of Science and Technology in Zimbabwe, Journal of Science Communication, 15, https://doi.org/10.22323/2.15060205, 2016.
Kahan, D. M.: Fixing the communications failure, Nature, 463, 296–297, https://doi.org/10.1038/463296a, 2010.
Karikari, T. K. and Yawson, N. A.: A Model Approach to Public Engagement Training for Students in Developing Countries, J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ., 18, 1–4, https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.v18i1.1244, 2017.
Khumalo, L., Ellis, M., and Limson, J.: A relational lens to community-based participatory research: An analysis of case studies of Engaged Research in South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 122, https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2026/18141, 2026.
Massarani, L. and Moreira, I. C.: Science communication in Brazil: A historical review and considerations about the current situation, An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 88, 1165–1175, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150338, 2016.
Massarani, L. and Peters, H. P.: Scientists in the public sphere: Interactions of scientists and journalists in Brazil, An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc., 88, 1165–1175, https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620150558, 2016.
Mathews, D. J., Kalfoglou, A., and Hudson, K.: Geneticists' views on science policy formation and public outreach, Am. J. Med. Genet., 137A, 161–169, https://doi.org/10.1002/ajmg.a.30849, 2005.
Mazzitelli, G.: Science communication: A new frontier of researcher's job, arXiv [preprint], https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.1905.02936, 2019.
Metcalfe, J. E.: Science communication: a messy conundrum of practice, research and theory, Journal of Science Communication, 21, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.22323/2.21070307, 2022.
Mocke, H. and Mhopjeni, K.: Twelve Years of Outreach at the Geological Survey of Namibia, Communications of the Geological Survey of Namibia, 22, 116–134, 2020.
Murunga, M., Pecl, G. T., Ogier, E., Leith, P., Macleod, C., Kelly, R., and Nettlefold, J.: More than just information: what does the public want to know about climate change?, Ecol. Soc., 27, https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-13147-270214, 2022.
Neresini, F. and Bucchi, M.: Which indicators for the new public engagement activities? An exploratory study of European research institutions, Public Underst. Sci., 20, 64–79, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662510388363, 2011.
Parker, S. and Gastrow, M.: Language, learning and engagement: Science communication skills among scientists in South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 122, https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2026/18084, 2026.
Poliakoff, E. and Webb, T. F.: What Factors Predict Scientists' Intentions to Participate in Public Engagement of Science Activities?, Sci. Commun., 29, 242–263, https://doi.org/10.1177/1075547007308009, 2007.
Rasekoala, E.: Responsible science communication in Africa: Rethinking drivers of policy, Afrocentricity and public engagement, Journal of Science Communication, 21, https://doi.org/10.22323/2.21040301, 2022.
Riley, J., Joubert, M., and Guenther, L.: Motivations and barriers for young scientists to engage with society: perspectives from South Africa, Int. J. Sci. Educ. Part B, 12, 157–173, https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2022.2049392, 2022.
Rodrigues, J., Costa e Silva, E., and Pereira, D. I.: How Can Geoscience Communication Foster Public Engagement with Geoconservation?, Geoheritage, 15, 1–15, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12371-023-00800-5, 2023.
Rodrigues, J., Castro, C., Costa e Silva, E., and Pereira, D. I.: Profiling the geoscience community: exploring patterns of science communication and public engagement, Journal of Science Communication, 24, https://doi.org/10.22323/149720250607090243, 2025.
Rose, K. M., Holesovsky, C. M., Bao, L., Brossard, D., and Markowitz, E. M.: Faculty Public Engagement Attitudes and Practices at Land-Grant Universities in the United States, Department of Life Sciences Communication, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI,
http://scimep.wisc.edu/projects/reports/ (last access: 20 November 2025), 2020.
Salnikova, A. and Brandstetter-Kunc, A.: D4.1 State-of-the-art Analysis: mapping of the policy landscape for learning opportunities for researchers on open and responsible research and innovation (Version 1.0), Zenodo, https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10411163, 2023.
Scheufele, D. A.: Communicating science in social settings, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 110, 14040–14047, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1213275110, 2013.
Scheufele, D. A.: Science communication as political communication, P. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 111, 13585–13592, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1317516111, 2014.
Siipi, H., and Marko, A.: The Deficit Model and the Forgotten Moral Values, Nordicum-Mediterraneum, 6, https://doi.org/10.33112/nm.6.1.8, 2011.
Sinatra, G. and Hofer, B.: Public Understanding of Science, Policy Insights from the Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 3, 245–253, https://doi.org/10.1177/2372732216656870, 2016.
Stewart, I. S. and Lewis, D.: Communicating contested geoscience to the public: Moving from `matters of fact' to `matters of concern', Earth-Sci. Rev., 174, 122–133, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2017.09.003, 2017.
Swords, C. M., Porter, J. S., Hawkins, A. J., Li, E., Rowland-Goldsmith, M., Koci, M. D., Tansey, J. T., and Woitowich, N. C.: Science communication training imparts confidence and influences public engagement activity, J. Microbiol. Biol. Educ., 24, https://doi.org/10.1128/jmbe.00037-23, 2023.
Thai, H. T. D., Qui, H. V. T., Duy, T. V., Fisher, J., and Chambers, M.: A study on biomedical researchers' perspectives on public engagement in Southeast Asia, Journal of Public Engagement in Science, 10, 123–145, https://doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.19040.1, 2023.
Tindana, P., de Vries, J., Campbell, M., Littler, K., Seeley, J., Marshall, P., Troyer, J., Ogundipe, M., Alibu, V. P., Yakubu, A., and Parker, M.: Community engagement strategies for genomic studies in Africa: a review of the literature, BMC Med. Ethics, 16, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-015-0014-z, 2015.
Toomey, A. H.: Why facts don't change minds: Insights from cognitive science for the improved communication of conservation research, Biol. Conserv., 278, 1–8, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2022.109886, 2023.
UNESCO: Geoscience in action: advancing sustainable development, UNESCO,
https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000384826.locale=en (last access: 5 May 2025), 2024.
Van Lill, M., Joubert, M., Botes, M., Mede, N. G., Guenther, L., Rödder, S., and Cologna, V.: Honesty, transparency and rigour: A study of public trust in scientists in South Africa, S. Afr. J. Sci., 122, https://doi.org/10.17159/sajs.2026/21970, 2026.
Weingart, P., Joubert, M., and Connoway, K.: Public engagement with science – Origins, motives and impact in academic literature and science policy, PLoS ONE, 16, 1–30, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0254201, 2021.
Weller, S. C., Vickers, B., Bernard, H. R., Blackburn, A. M., Borgatti, S., Gravlee, C. C., and Johnson, J. C.: Open-ended interview questions and saturation, PLoS ONE, 13, 1–18, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198606, 2018.
Wintterlin, F., Hendriks, F., Mede, N., Bromme, R., Metag, J., and Schäfer, M.: Predicting Public Trust in Science: The Role of Basic Orientations Toward Science, Perceived Trustworthiness of Scientists, and Experiences with Science, Front. Commun., 6, https://doi.org/10.3389/fcomm.2021.822757, 2022.
Yuan, S., Oshita, T., AbiGhannam, N., Dudo, A., Besley, J. C., and Koh, H. E.: Two-way communication between scientists and the public: a view from science communication trainers in North America, Int. J. Sci. Educ. Part B, 7, 341–355, https://doi.org/10.1080/21548455.2017.1350789, 2017.
Yuan, S., Besley, J. C., and Dudo, A.: A comparison between scientists' and communication scholars' views about scientists' public engagement activities, Public Underst. Sci., 28, 101–118, https://doi.org/10.1177/0963662518797002, 2019.