Articles | Volume 4, issue 3
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-399-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-399-2021
© Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Teaching with digital geology in the high Arctic: opportunities and challenges
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Peter Betlem
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Department of Geosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
Sten-Andreas Grundvåg
Department of Geosciences, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Rafael Kenji Horota
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Department of Applied Computing, UNISINOS – Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, São Leopoldo, Brazil
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Simon John Buckley
NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, P.O. Box 22 Nygårdstangen, 5838 Bergen, Norway
Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Malte Michel Jochmann
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Thomas Birchall
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Julian Janocha
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Department of Geosciences, University of Tromsø – the Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
Kei Ogata
Department of Earth Sciences, Environment and Resources, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
Lilith Kuckero
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Rakul Maria Johannessen
Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, 1250 Copenhagen, Denmark
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Isabelle Lecomte
Department of Earth Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
Sara Mollie Cohen
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Snorre Olaussen
Department of Arctic Geology, The University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Related authors
Kim Senger, Grace Shephard, Fenna Ammerlaan, Owen Anfinson, Pascal Audet, Bernard Coakley, Victoria Ershova, Jan Inge Faleide, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Karthik Iyer, Julian Janocha, Morgan Jones, Alexander Minakov, Margaret Odlum, Anna M. R. Sartell, Andrew Schaeffer, Daniel Stockli, Marie A. Vander Kloet, and Carmen Gaina
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GC
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The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic Geology. The students experience this from a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales, and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
Peter Betlem, Thomas Birchall, Gareth Lord, Simon Oldfield, Lise Nakken, Kei Ogata, and Kim Senger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 985–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, 2024
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We present the digitalisation (i.e. textured outcrop and terrain models) of the Agardhfjellet Fm. cliffs exposed in Konusdalen West, Svalbard, which forms the seal of a carbon capture site in Longyearbyen, where several boreholes cover the exposed interval. Outcrop data feature centimetre-scale accuracies and a maximum resolution of 8 mm and have been correlated with the boreholes through structural–stratigraphic annotations that form the basis of various numerical modelling scenarios.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
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Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Thomas Goelles, Tobias Hammer, Stefan Muckenhuber, Birgit Schlager, Jakob Abermann, Christian Bauer, Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez, Wolfgang Schöner, Markus Schratter, Benjamin Schrei, and Kim Senger
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 247–261, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, 2022
Short summary
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We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors. MOLISENS supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions, and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard.
Thomas Birchall, Malte Jochmann, Peter Betlem, Kim Senger, Andrew Hodson, and Snorre Olaussen
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Svalbard has over a century of drilling history, though this historical data is largely overlooked nowadays. After inspecting this data, stored in local archives, we noticed the surprisingly common phenomenon of gas trapped below the permafrost. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and the Arctic is warming at unprecedented rates. The permafrost is the last barrier preventing this gas from escaping into the atmosphere and if it thaws it risks a feedback effect to the already warming climate.
Mikkel Toft Hornum, Andrew Jonathan Hodson, Søren Jessen, Victor Bense, and Kim Senger
The Cryosphere, 14, 4627–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In Arctic fjord valleys, considerable amounts of methane may be stored below the permafrost and escape directly to the atmosphere through springs. A new conceptual model of how such springs form and persist is presented and confirmed by numerical modelling experiments: in uplifted Arctic valleys, freezing pressure induced at the permafrost base can drive the flow of groundwater to the surface through vents in frozen ground. This deserves attention as an emission pathway for greenhouse gasses.
Andrew J. Hodson, Aga Nowak, Mikkel T. Hornum, Kim Senger, Kelly Redeker, Hanne H. Christiansen, Søren Jessen, Peter Betlem, Steve F. Thornton, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Snorre Olaussen, and Alina Marca
The Cryosphere, 14, 3829–3842, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Methane stored below permafrost is an unknown quantity in the Arctic greenhouse gas budget. In coastal areas with rising sea levels, much of the methane seeps into the sea and is removed before it reaches the atmosphere. However, where land uplift outpaces rising sea levels, the former seabed freezes, pressurising methane-rich groundwater beneath, which then escapes via permafrost seepages called pingos. We describe this mechanism and the origins of the methane discharging from Svalbard pingos.
Peter Betlem, Nil Rodes, Sara Mollie Cohen, and Marie Vander Kloet
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-6, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-6, 2024
Revised manuscript under review for GC
Short summary
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Together with our students, we co-created two open geoscientific course modules using the Jupyter Book framework. Students were happy with the framework's accessibility, inclusivity, interactivity, and multimedia content and eagerly contributed to the learning materials through Github when given the opportunity. Our efforts are an important step in the development of open educational geoscientific content co-created with input from technical experts, social scientists, and students alike.
Kim Senger, Grace Shephard, Fenna Ammerlaan, Owen Anfinson, Pascal Audet, Bernard Coakley, Victoria Ershova, Jan Inge Faleide, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Rafael Kenji Horota, Karthik Iyer, Julian Janocha, Morgan Jones, Alexander Minakov, Margaret Odlum, Anna M. R. Sartell, Andrew Schaeffer, Daniel Stockli, Marie A. Vander Kloet, and Carmen Gaina
Geosci. Commun. Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-2024-3, 2024
Revised manuscript accepted for GC
Short summary
Short summary
The article describes a course that we have developed at the University Centre in Svalbard that covers many aspects of Arctic Geology. The students experience this from a wide range of lecturers, focussing both on the small and larger scales, and covering many geoscientific disciplines.
Peter Betlem, Thomas Birchall, Gareth Lord, Simon Oldfield, Lise Nakken, Kei Ogata, and Kim Senger
Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 16, 985–1006, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-16-985-2024, 2024
Short summary
Short summary
We present the digitalisation (i.e. textured outcrop and terrain models) of the Agardhfjellet Fm. cliffs exposed in Konusdalen West, Svalbard, which forms the seal of a carbon capture site in Longyearbyen, where several boreholes cover the exposed interval. Outcrop data feature centimetre-scale accuracies and a maximum resolution of 8 mm and have been correlated with the boreholes through structural–stratigraphic annotations that form the basis of various numerical modelling scenarios.
Annelotte Weert, Kei Ogata, Francesco Vinci, Coen Leo, Giovanni Bertotti, Jerome Amory, and Stefano Tavani
Solid Earth, 15, 121–141, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-15-121-2024, 2024
Short summary
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On the road to a sustainable planet, geothermal energy is considered one of the main substitutes when it comes to heating. The geological history of an area can have a major influence on the application of these geothermal systems, as demonstrated in the West Netherlands Basin. Here, multiple episodes of rifting and subsequent basin inversion have controlled the distribution of the reservoir rocks, thus influencing the locations where geothermal energy can be exploited.
Kim Senger, Denise Kulhanek, Morgan T. Jones, Aleksandra Smyrak-Sikora, Sverre Planke, Valentin Zuchuat, William J. Foster, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Henning Lorenz, Micha Ruhl, Kasia K. Sliwinska, Madeleine L. Vickers, and Weimu Xu
Sci. Dril., 32, 113–135, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, https://doi.org/10.5194/sd-32-113-2023, 2023
Short summary
Short summary
Geologists can decipher the past climates and thus better understand how future climate change may affect the Earth's complex systems. In this paper, we report on a workshop held in Longyearbyen, Svalbard, to better understand how rocks in Svalbard (an Arctic archipelago) can be used to quantify major climatic shifts recorded in the past.
Thomas Goelles, Tobias Hammer, Stefan Muckenhuber, Birgit Schlager, Jakob Abermann, Christian Bauer, Víctor J. Expósito Jiménez, Wolfgang Schöner, Markus Schratter, Benjamin Schrei, and Kim Senger
Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst., 11, 247–261, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gi-11-247-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
We propose a newly developed modular MObile LIdar SENsor System (MOLISENS) to enable new applications for small industrial light detection and ranging (lidar) sensors. MOLISENS supports both monitoring of dynamic processes and mobile mapping applications. The mobile mapping application of MOLISENS has been tested under various conditions, and results are shown from two surveys in the Lurgrotte cave system in Austria and a glacier cave in Longyearbreen on Svalbard.
Jessica H. Pugsley, John A. Howell, Adrian Hartley, Simon J. Buckley, Rachel Brackenridge, Nicholas Schofield, Gail Maxwell, Magda Chmielewska, Kari Ringdal, Nicole Naumann, and Joris Vanbiervliet
Geosci. Commun., 5, 227–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-227-2022, 2022
Short summary
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Virtual field trips have become a crucial resource during the COVID-19 pandemic within geoscience education. This study presents a critical evaluation of their use, using real-world examples delivered to a masters-level class at the University of Aberdeen. Our work highlights several key findings which can be used to help plan virtual field trips and how associated disadvantages of their use can be mitigated through a blend of physical and virtual field trips.
Simon J. Buckley, John A. Howell, Nicole Naumann, Conor Lewis, Magda Chmielewska, Kari Ringdal, Joris Vanbiervliet, Bowei Tong, Oliver S. Mulelid-Tynes, Dylan Foster, Gail Maxwell, and Jessica Pugsley
Geosci. Commun., 5, 67–82, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-67-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-67-2022, 2022
Short summary
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Virtual 3D models are becoming fundamental to support field-based geoscience, with drones and image-based modelling providing rapid workflows for generating 3D datasets for mapping and education. Here, we present V3Geo, a cloud-based repository to facilitate 3D model searching, reuse, sharing and visualisation. We highlight the potential value of V3Geo for the geoscience community with examples of scenarios in publication and teaching where the repository is already being employed.
Thomas Birchall, Malte Jochmann, Peter Betlem, Kim Senger, Andrew Hodson, and Snorre Olaussen
The Cryosphere Discuss., https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-2021-226, 2021
Preprint withdrawn
Short summary
Short summary
Svalbard has over a century of drilling history, though this historical data is largely overlooked nowadays. After inspecting this data, stored in local archives, we noticed the surprisingly common phenomenon of gas trapped below the permafrost. Methane is a potent greenhouse gas, and the Arctic is warming at unprecedented rates. The permafrost is the last barrier preventing this gas from escaping into the atmosphere and if it thaws it risks a feedback effect to the already warming climate.
Mikkel Toft Hornum, Andrew Jonathan Hodson, Søren Jessen, Victor Bense, and Kim Senger
The Cryosphere, 14, 4627–4651, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-4627-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
In Arctic fjord valleys, considerable amounts of methane may be stored below the permafrost and escape directly to the atmosphere through springs. A new conceptual model of how such springs form and persist is presented and confirmed by numerical modelling experiments: in uplifted Arctic valleys, freezing pressure induced at the permafrost base can drive the flow of groundwater to the surface through vents in frozen ground. This deserves attention as an emission pathway for greenhouse gasses.
Andrew J. Hodson, Aga Nowak, Mikkel T. Hornum, Kim Senger, Kelly Redeker, Hanne H. Christiansen, Søren Jessen, Peter Betlem, Steve F. Thornton, Alexandra V. Turchyn, Snorre Olaussen, and Alina Marca
The Cryosphere, 14, 3829–3842, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-3829-2020, 2020
Short summary
Short summary
Methane stored below permafrost is an unknown quantity in the Arctic greenhouse gas budget. In coastal areas with rising sea levels, much of the methane seeps into the sea and is removed before it reaches the atmosphere. However, where land uplift outpaces rising sea levels, the former seabed freezes, pressurising methane-rich groundwater beneath, which then escapes via permafrost seepages called pingos. We describe this mechanism and the origins of the methane discharging from Svalbard pingos.
Eric Salomon, Atle Rotevatn, Thomas Berg Kristensen, Sten-Andreas Grundvåg, Gijs Allard Henstra, Anna Nele Meckler, Richard Albert, and Axel Gerdes
Solid Earth, 11, 1987–2013, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020, https://doi.org/10.5194/se-11-1987-2020, 2020
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This study focuses on the impact of major rift border faults on fluid circulation and hanging wall sediment diagenesis by investigating a well-exposed example in NE Greenland using field observations, U–Pb calcite dating, clumped isotope, and minor element analyses. We show that fault-proximal sediments became calcite cemented quickly after deposition to form a near-impermeable barrier along the fault, which has important implications for border fault zone evolution and reservoir assessments.
Related subject area
Subject: Geoscience education | Keyword: Qualitative research
Transformation of geological sciences and geological engineering field methods course to remote delivery using manual, virtual, and blended tools in fall 2020
Virtual field trips utilizing virtual outcrop: construction, delivery and implications for the future
W.A.T.E.R. – a structured approach for training on advanced measurement and experimental research
Pandemic Minecrafting: an analysis of the perceptions of and lessons learned from a gamified virtual geology field camp
Using PhET™ interactive simulation plate tectonics for initial teacher education
Jennifer Jane Day
Geosci. Commun., 5, 381–395, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-381-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-381-2022, 2022
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Geological (Engineering) Field Methods is a core course at Queen’s University in Kingston, Canada, where students learn how to investigate the Earth. Typically, this course involves weekly field trips to visit a variety of rock outcrops to learn navigation, observation, and measurement. Remote delivery of this course in fall 2020 due to COVID-19 required a transformation using new virtual, manual, and blended tools. Although largely successful, a return to in-person teaching is recommended.
Jessica H. Pugsley, John A. Howell, Adrian Hartley, Simon J. Buckley, Rachel Brackenridge, Nicholas Schofield, Gail Maxwell, Magda Chmielewska, Kari Ringdal, Nicole Naumann, and Joris Vanbiervliet
Geosci. Commun., 5, 227–249, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-227-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-227-2022, 2022
Short summary
Short summary
Virtual field trips have become a crucial resource during the COVID-19 pandemic within geoscience education. This study presents a critical evaluation of their use, using real-world examples delivered to a masters-level class at the University of Aberdeen. Our work highlights several key findings which can be used to help plan virtual field trips and how associated disadvantages of their use can be mitigated through a blend of physical and virtual field trips.
Margaret Chen, Rui Aleixo, Massimo Guerrero, and Rui Ferreira
Geosci. Commun., 5, 143–150, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-143-2022, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-5-143-2022, 2022
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W.A.T.E.R. stands for Workshop on Advanced measurement Techniques and Experimental Research. It provides a structured approach for the learning and training platform to professionals with an experimental background in fluid mechanics. It offers an opportunity to learn about state-of-the-art instrumentation and measurement techniques and the latest developments in the field by partnering with academics, instrumentation manufacturers, and public sectors for sharing knowledge and good practices.
Erika Rader, Renee Love, Darryl Reano, Tonia A. Dousay, and Natasha Wingerter
Geosci. Commun., 4, 475–492, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-475-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-475-2021, 2021
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic shutdown, we designed a virtual geology field camp based in the video game Minecraft. Students learned how to map geological features on the surface and in the subsurface using this fun and engaging platform. Students' perceptions of the course were positive, and they showed improvement in basic geologic skills between pre-assessment and post-assessment surveys. Students discussed career pathways and skills and fostered interpersonal relationships.
Bento Cavadas and Sara Aboim
Geosci. Commun., 4, 43–56, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-43-2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-4-43-2021, 2021
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This work presents the use of a digital educational resource, CreativeLab_Sci&Math | Plate Tectonics, which explores the PhETTM Plate Tectonics simulator in the context of pre-service teacher education. Results show that the digital educational resource contributed to pre-service teachers successfully achieving learning outcomes concerning the dynamics of plate tectonics.
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Short summary
At UNIS, located at 78° N in Longyearbyen in Arctic Norway, we use digital outcrop models (DOMs) actively in a new course (
AG222 Integrated Geological Methods: From Outcrop To Geomodel) to solve authentic geoscientific challenges. DOMs are shared through the open-access Svalbox geoscientific portal, along with 360° imagery, subsurface data and published geoscientific data from Svalbard. Here we share experiences from the AG222 course and Svalbox, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic.
At UNIS, located at 78° N in Longyearbyen in Arctic Norway, we use digital outcrop models (DOMs)...
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