Articles | Volume 7, issue 4
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
https://doi.org/10.5194/gc-7-297-2024
© Author(s) 2024. This work is distributed under
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.
Research article
| Highlight paper
| 
20 Dec 2024
Research article | Highlight paper |
| 20 Dec 2024
| 20 Dec 2024
The Gannon Storm: citizen science observations during the geomagnetic superstorm of 10 May 2024
Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
Finnish Meteorological Institute, Helsinki, Finland
Emma Bruus
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
Taivaanvahti/Skywarden Observation Service, Ursa Astronomical Association, Helsinki, Finland
Vincent E. Ledvina
Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK, USA
Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
Noora Partamies
Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Mathieu Barthelemy
IPAG, Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble, France
CSUG, Université Grenoble Alpes, Grenoble, France
Carlos Martinis
Physics and Astronomy, Center for Space Physics, Astronomy Department, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Rowan Dayton-Oxland
University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
Bea Gallardo-Lacourt
Goddard Space Flight Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Greenbelt, MD, USA
Department of Physics, The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC, USA
Yukitoshi Nishimura
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Center for Space Physics, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
Katie Herlingshaw
Department of Arctic Geophysics, University Centre in Svalbard, Longyearbyen, Norway
Neethal Thomas
Sodankylä Geophysical Observatory, University of Oulu, Sodankylä, Finland
Eero Karvinen
Taivaanvahti/Skywarden Observation Service, Ursa Astronomical Association, Helsinki, Finland
Donna Lach
Aurorasaurus, New Mexico Consortium, Los Alamos, NM, USA
citizen scientist, Canada
Marjan Spijkers
citizen scientist, the Netherlands
Calle Bergstrand
citizen scientist, Sweden
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Total article views: 12,770 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 7,688 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 12,770 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Total article views: 7,688 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
Thereof 7,627 with geography defined
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Total article views: 5,082 (including HTML, PDF, and XML)
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Cited
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Geoscience communication: a content analysis of practice in British Columbia, Canada, using science communication models C. Onstad & E. van der Flier-Keller
- Supersubstorms during the May 2024 superstorm R. Hajra et al.
- Scintillation in the Arctic during the May 2024 Mother’s Day storm K. Jacobsen et al.
- Unresolved Questions in Subauroral Science: Exploring Key Challenges in Physics and Chemistry B. Gallardo-Lacourt et al.
- European ionospheric response to the May 2024 Gannon geomagnetic storm Ö. Hacıoğlu et al.
- Comparison of the modelled geoelectric fields of the Carrington and Halloween storms A. Viljanen et al.
- Open Questions on Ion–Neutral Collisions and Coupling in the Lower Thermosphere–Ionosphere: Electrodynamics, Energetics and Dynamics T. Sarris et al.
- Waves in a plasma ocean: Wave–particle interactions throughout the solar system A. Jaynes
- Sun-to-Mud observations of the May and October storms of 2024: impacts on Ireland’s Space Weather A. Fogg et al.
- New Swarm products NeGIX and TEGIX for monitoring horizontal ionospheric gradients J. Cahuasquí et al.
- Citizen Science in Space and Atmospheric Sciences: Opportunities and Challenges M. Grandin et al.
- Extended red aurora associated with super substorm igniting the October 10, 2024 magnetic storm as revealed by citizen science R. Kataoka et al.
- A rare observation from mid-latitude of a blue aurora E. Beaudoin et al.
13 citations as recorded by crossref.
- Geoscience communication: a content analysis of practice in British Columbia, Canada, using science communication models C. Onstad & E. van der Flier-Keller
- Supersubstorms during the May 2024 superstorm R. Hajra et al.
- Scintillation in the Arctic during the May 2024 Mother’s Day storm K. Jacobsen et al.
- Unresolved Questions in Subauroral Science: Exploring Key Challenges in Physics and Chemistry B. Gallardo-Lacourt et al.
- European ionospheric response to the May 2024 Gannon geomagnetic storm Ö. Hacıoğlu et al.
- Comparison of the modelled geoelectric fields of the Carrington and Halloween storms A. Viljanen et al.
- Open Questions on Ion–Neutral Collisions and Coupling in the Lower Thermosphere–Ionosphere: Electrodynamics, Energetics and Dynamics T. Sarris et al.
- Waves in a plasma ocean: Wave–particle interactions throughout the solar system A. Jaynes
- Sun-to-Mud observations of the May and October storms of 2024: impacts on Ireland’s Space Weather A. Fogg et al.
- New Swarm products NeGIX and TEGIX for monitoring horizontal ionospheric gradients J. Cahuasquí et al.
- Citizen Science in Space and Atmospheric Sciences: Opportunities and Challenges M. Grandin et al.
- Extended red aurora associated with super substorm igniting the October 10, 2024 magnetic storm as revealed by citizen science R. Kataoka et al.
- A rare observation from mid-latitude of a blue aurora E. Beaudoin et al.
Saved (final revised paper)
Discussed (final revised paper)
Latest update: 02 May 2026
Editorial statement
This work highlights the importance of data collected through citizen science for studying extreme geomagnetic storms. The Gannon storm was an unprecedented opportunity to test the limitations of citizen science data collection and to offer solutions to enable similar studies in the future. This study has great potential to be of interest to the wider public.
This work highlights the importance of data collected through citizen science for studying...
Short summary
We carried out a citizen science study of aurora sightings and technological disruptions experienced during the extreme geomagnetic storm of 10 May 2024. We collected reports from 696 observers from over 30 countries via an online survey, supplemented with observations logged in the Skywarden database. We found that the aurora was seen from exceptionally low latitudes and had very bright red and pink hues, suggesting that high fluxes of low-energy electrons from space entered the atmosphere.
We carried out a citizen science study of aurora sightings and technological disruptions...
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